Prof. Mohamed Mohamed El-DefrawyAsst. Prof. Rania Magdy EltabeyAsst. Prof. Naglaa Salem El-Sayed2026-07-202026-07-20https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2450Wastewater (also known as effluent) released by manufacturers is one example of a source of pollution. Two typical point source types are factories and sewage treatment facilities. In their discharged waters, factories such as oil refineries, pulp and paper mills, in addition to manufacturers of chemicals, electronics, and automobiles usually release one or more pollutants. Some factories release their water bodies. Others send their wastes to sewage treatment plants for treatment, while others treat wastes themselves before releasing them. After treating humanModern societies and their sustainability are at risk due to pollution, which poses an existential threat to both human and environmental health. Unwanted waste of human origin that is released into the air, land, water, and ocean without regard for the consequences or cost is referred to as pollution [1]. Water is regarded as one of the most vital components of our universe for humans and other living things, as they rely on it for survival, energy, digestion, food, and health. Nowadays, a number of factors, including industrial waste, rising environmental pollution, depleting water supplies, poor sewage treatment, and industrial fertilizers have made controlling water pollution necessary. Industrial wastewater and groundwater are water-emerging contaminants that contain pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals [2]. Because of the harmful effects of contaminated wastewater on human health, this serious problem must be addressed for the benefit of society.:fabrication , characterization