Prof. Parvaz Haris2025-09-302025-09-30https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1790Whilsthilst many any European European EuropeanEuropean European countriescountries countriescountriescountries ’ regulations regulations regulations regulationsregulations regulationsregulations stipulatestipulatestipulate stipulatestipulate stipulate thatthatthat all animals animals animals mustmustmust be stunnedstunnedstunnedstunnedstunnedstunnedstunned beforebefore beforebefore exsanguination, exsanguination,exsanguination,exsanguination, exsanguination,exsanguination,exsanguination, exsanguination,exsanguination, exemptions exemptionsexemptionsexemptions exemptions are are usuallyusuallyusuallyusually allowed allowedallowedallowed forfor thosethosethose those slaughtered slaughteredslaughteredslaughteredslaughtered slaughtered by the shechita shechita shechita shechita andandand halalhalal halal methodsmethods methods methods (Downing, (Downing, (Downing, (Downing, 2015).2015). 2015). In the UK, meat from both stunned and non-stunned animals is allowed to be sold in the marketplace (Downing, 2015). On the other hand, although ritual slaughter is exempt from bans, religious slaughter methods have been the subject of ongoing debate, especially in relation to animal welfare as to whether the animal should be stunned or not stunned before slaughterBackground: Meat is known as animal flesh, which is consumed by humans as food. Meat has been used as food since prehistoric times through the hunting of wild animals by humans. The development of human civilisation permitted the domestication of animals such as chickens, rabbits, sheep, pigs and cattle. This eventually prompted their large-scale utilization in the meat industry with the aid of slaughterhouses. Current legislation sets out the consumer’s rights to obtain accurate information about the meat they purchase. On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, although ritual slaughter is exempt from bans, religious slaughter methods have been the subject of ongoing debate, especially in relation to animal welfare whether the animal should be stunned or not stunned before slaughter. So effective methods are therefore needed to rapidly discriminate between meat from stunned and non-stunned animals to protect consumers from food fraud.physical and biological