Dr. Jonathan Haynes2026-04-142026-04-14https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1945Results revealed accurate predictions of masonry arch failure mechanisms. The validated models were subjected to foundation settlement, sliding, and rotation tests, revealing changes in structural behaviour due to foundation movement. Sliding and rotational movements notably reduced peak load capacity and stiffness due to the widening of existing cracks. Although settlement movements had minimal impact on peak load capacity, they did reduce stiffness. Combined movements indicated a pattern in abutment reactions, with the most substantial effect observed when sliding was double the settlement.A significant number of UK bridges are masonry arches, with over 60% being more than a century old and bearing loads beyond their initial design intent. This poses a challenge for long-term assessment. Current assessment tools range from simplistic to complex finite element analysis models. However, only advanced models capture the brittle nature of masonry and the structural behaviour of multi-ring arches. Despite extensive research on masonry arches, further knowledge concerning the effects of foundation movements are required. This study focuses on the masonry arch subject to foundation settlement, sliding, and rotational movements.Behaviour of Masonry Arches Under