Prof. Dr. Harun ÇUĞ2026-05-102026-05-10https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1985Steel is a deformable iron alloy that, in addition to carbon, contains certain impurities that can be either beneficial or harmful. Useful impurities in steel are for example chromium, nickel, molybdenum, etc., while phosphorous and sulfur are mainly harmful. In addition to the elements listed above, steel can also contain trace elements (copper, tin, arsenic, etc.) and gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen), which usually exacerbate the properties of the final product [7].Steel is the most common material for building infrastructure and in industries around the world. It is used to manufacture all materials, from needle to petroleum tankers, and the world's production of it in 2013 reached about 1.6 billion tons, while the amount of aluminum metal, which is the second most important engineering mineral, reached 47 million tons after it [1]. This indicates its importance [2]. The reason for the popularity of steel is the relatively low cost of manufacturing, forming, and processing, its distinctive mechanical properties and the abundance of its raw materials [3]. The oldest piece of steel dates back to 2000 BC and was extracted One of the archaeological sites in Anatolia [2].MATERIALS AFTER LASER HARDENING PROCESS