Prof. Dr. Günce ŞAHİN2026-04-142026-04-14https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/1943The water balance in the ecosystem (inputs: precipitation and irrigation; outputs: evapotranspiration and drainage) drives the accumulation of salts in agricultural soils. In wet climates, high precipitation and low evaporation cause the leaching of salts, preventing significant accumulation. However, in dry and semi-arid areas, where evaporation rates exceed precipitation rates, salts remain in the soil, gradually accumulating and leading to salinizationSoil salinity is one of the major issues hindering agricultural productivity in both irrigated and rainfed lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Soil salinization is considered a significant threat to global food security, especially where irrigation plays a major role in agriculture. The imbalanced accumulation of salts in the soil reduces fertility, impeding plant growth and ultimately lowering yield. Mineral weathering and seawater intrusion are natural processes that contribute to soil salinity, while over-irrigation, poor drainage, and improper farming practices are human-made causesDIVERSITY IN WHEAT MORPHOLOGY