د.سعيد ابراهيم الختالي2026-09-282026-09-28https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2569Landmines are causing enormous humanitarian and economic problems in many countries all over the world. According to UN, there are up to 110 million landmines in nearly 70 countries that need to be cleared [1]. Most of the victims are innocent children and women. However, landmine detection and clearance have turned out to be an extremely challenging problem.Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic techniques designed primarily for the location of objects or interfaces buried beneath the earth's surface or located within a non-visually structure. GPR is one of a number of technologies that has been used to improving the efficiency of landmine clearance operations. One of the most important hardware components for the performance of a GPR is the antenna. The antenna must satisfy different standards than in usual radar antennas. Most GPR systems operate in the vicinity of the ground. Therefore, the important parameters determining the system performance, such as antenna beamwidth, and bandwidth, depend on the properties of the ground. The optimal antenna design must provide steady performance for different ground types and weather conditions.Design of an antenna for ground