Dr. Ayşen BerberoğluDr. Opeoluwaseun Ojekemi2026-06-082026-06-08https://dspace.academy.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2188The results revealed that GSCM practices have a significant positive effect on both organizational performance and competitive advantage. Furthermore, competitive advantage was found to mediate the relationship between GSCM and performance. These findings highlight the strategic importance of sustainability initiatives in enhancing industrial competitiveness and firm-level outcomes in developing economies. The study contributes to theory by validating the mediating mechanism and offers practical implications for managers aiming to embed sustainability into supply chain strategies to achieve operational and strategic benefits.This study investigates the impact of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices on organizational performance in the Libyan industrial sector, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived competitive advantage. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the research explores how environmentally sustainable supply chain practices contribute to firm performance outcomes. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to 370 respondents across various managerial and operational roles in Libya’s industrial firms. The instrument measured six GSCM dimensions, perceived competitive advantage, and organizational performance using a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics and SmartPLS for Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).The Mediating Role of Perceived